Pica is an Eating Disorder characterized by persistent cravings and compulsive eating of non-nutritive substances. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders classifies pica as a feeding and eating disorder of childhood, though it is not exclusive to children. Adults can also have pica, especially pregnant women. Chimpanzees, cats, and dogs have also been known exhibit pica.The word pica comes from the Latin name for magpie, a bird reputed to eat almost anything.

People with pica eat:

• Dirt
• Soap
• Clay
• Play Doh
• Chalk
• Mucus
• Paper
• Wood
• Gum
• Cornstarch
• Cigarette butts
• Paint chips
• Sand
• Feces
• Urine
• Glass
• Ice cubes
• Salt
• Blood

Pica Diagnosis
In order to be diagnosed with pica, a history of persistent consumption of a non-food substance continuing for a minimum period of one month must be present. Infants and toddlers, notorious for randomly putting things in their mouths, are typically excluded from this diagnosis. Persons with mental retardation who function at or below an approximate cognitive level of 18 months may also be exempt from diagnosis.

Dangers of Pica
Pica can be dangerous. Compulsive consumption of ice cubes, which may seem harmless, can cause decreased absorption of nutrients by the gut. Ingesting lead-based paint or paper containing mercury can cause toxic poisoning and brain damage. Dirt can contain animal feces and accompanying parasites. There is also the risk of gastro-intestinal obstruction or tearing in the stomach.

Causes of Pica
Limited research reveals persons with pica may suffer from a biochemical deficiency, specifically an iron deficiency. Some patients diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia admit to pica behaviors. The substance eaten by those with the disorder often contains the mineral of deficiency. If no mineral deficiency is present, it often leads to the diagnosis of a mental disorder.

Treatment of Pica
Treatment of pica is contingent on the cause of symptoms and type of pica. For some persons with iron deficiency, supplements cause the unusual cravings to cease. Counseling, education, and nutritional management is often more successful than treatment with medication.

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